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| 1386 |
| | A clock, designed only to strike the hours, is installed in Salisbury cathedral and is still working today | |
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| c. 1397 |
| | The keyboard of the organ is adapted in Germany to strings, thus providing the harpsichord - first mentioned in a manuscript of this year | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | The oldest surviving spring mechanism (enabling clocks to become small and portable) is put to work | |
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| c. 1500 |
| | The first watches, made in Nuremberg, are spherical clocks about three inches in diameter, worn usually on a ribbon round the neck | |
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| c. 1550 |
| | The tinderbox provides a new way of making fire - with just flint, steel and tinder | |
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| 1589 |
| | An English clergyman, William Lee, develops the world's first industrial machinery, to knit stockings | |
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| 1590 |
| | Zacharias Janssen, a spectacle maker in the Dutch town of Middelburg, creates the first microscope | |
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| 1608 |
| | A lucky accident reveals the principle of the telescope to a spectacle maker, Hans Lippershey. In the Dutch town of Middelburg | |
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| 1609 |
| | Galileo improves on the Dutch telescope (and doubles his salary by presenting one to his employer) | |
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| 1643 |
| | Evangelista Torricelli, observing variations in a column of mercury, discovers the principle of the barometer | |
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